The high-pressure fuel pump is mainly used to transport fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber of the engine

High-pressure fuel pumps are a vital component of modern internal combustion engines, mainly used to transport fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber of the engine. Its working principle, structure and material selection play an important role in its performance and reliability.

From the working principle, the core function of the high-pressure fuel pump is to increase the low-pressure fuel to high pressure to ensure that the fuel can be atomized in the injector at an appropriate injection pressure to achieve efficient combustion. High-pressure fuel pumps are usually driven by electric motors or engines and compressed by mechanical structures such as pistons or gears. Its working cycle includes three stages: suction, compression and discharge. In the suction stage, the fuel enters the pump chamber through the oil inlet; in the compression stage, the movement of the piston or gear causes the fuel to be compressed and the pressure gradually increases; finally, in the discharge stage, the high-pressure fuel flows to the injector through the oil outlet.

In terms of structure, high-pressure fuel pumps are usually composed of pump housing, piston, valve and seals. The pump housing is usually made of aluminum alloy or steel to provide sufficient strength and corrosion resistance. The piston is a key component of the high-pressure fuel pump, and high-strength alloy materials are often used to withstand frequent movements under high-pressure environments. In addition, the valves and seals in the pump are also important design elements. Their sealing performance directly affects the working efficiency and reliability of the pump.

The selection of materials is crucial to the performance of the high-pressure fuel pump. The materials of the high-pressure fuel pump must have properties such as high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. Commonly used materials include high-strength steel, stainless steel, and engineering plastics. For example, the piston may be made of specially treated aluminum alloy to reduce the friction coefficient and improve wear resistance, while the pump housing needs to have good structural strength and corrosion resistance to cope with the chemical properties of various fuels.